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LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are small, solid light bulbs which are extremely energy-efficient. Until recently, LEDs were limited to single-bulb use in applications such as instrument panels, electronics, pen lights and, more recently, strings of indoor and outdoor Christmas lights.
Manufacturers have expanded the application of LEDs by "clustering" the small bulbs. The first clustered bulbs bulbs were used for battery powered items such as flashlights and headlamps. Today, LED bulbs are made using as many as 180 bulbs per cluster, and encased in diffuser lenses which spread the light in wider beams. Now available with standard bases which fit common household light fixtures, LEDs are the next generation in home lighting.
The high cost of producing LEDs has been a roadblock to widespread use. However, researchers at Purdue University have recently developed a process for using inexpensive silicon wafers to replace the expensive sapphire-based technology. This promises to bring LEDs into competitive pricing with CFLs and incandescents. LEDs may soon become the standard for most lighting needs.
LED Colors
Red - red is the traditional color for maintaining night vision.
Green - green is now the preferred color for pilots and the military. The green color is also great for retaining night vision, and it doesn’t erase the red markings on maps and charts.
Blue - many people like the blue because it is very easy on the eyes. Blue appears to be a good reading light for elderly eyes. Elderly folks report that they can read under the blue light for hours without eyestrain, compared to severe eyestrain in less than 30 minutes with incandescent lighting.
White - the most popular of the LED colors. It produces a soft white light, without harsh reflection, glare or shadows.
Amber - LED amber bulbs do not attract flying insects, as do ordinary white bulbs. Amber LEDs are used outdoors in areas such as patios and decks where insects flying around lights are a nuisance.
Benefícios do uso de luz led:
Long-lasting - LED bulbs last up to 10 times as long as compact fluorescents, and far longer than typical incandescents.
Durable - since LEDs do not have a filament, they are not damaged under circumstances when a regular incandescent bulb would be broken. Because they are solid, LED bulbs hold up well to jarring and bumping.
Cool - these bulbs do not cause heat build-up; LEDs produce 3.4 btu's/hour, compared to 85 for incandescent bulbs.
Mercury-free - no mercury is used in the manufacturing of LEDs.
More efficient - LED light bulbs use only 2-10 watts of electricity (1/3rd to 1/30th of Incandescent or CFL) Small LED flashlight bulbs will extend battery life 10 to 15 times longer than with incandescent bulbs. Also, because these bulbs last for years, energy is saved in maintenance and replacement costs. For example, many cities in the US are replacing their incandescent traffic lights with LED arrays because the electricity costs can be reduced by 80% or more.
Cost-effective - although LEDs are expensive, the cost is recouped over time and in battery savings. For the AC bulbs and large cluster arrays, the best value comes from commercial use where maintenance and replacement costs are expensive.
Light for remote areas - because of the low power requirement for LEDs, using solar panels becomes more practical and less expensive than running an electric line or using a generator for lighting.
In
http://www.eartheasy.com/live_energyeff_lighting.htm
Boas notícias aqui:
Iwasaki Electric will be unveiling the LED light that is meant for outdoor use sometime this July, featuring a trio of built-in 5W medium and wide LED unit lenses or 15W with the same degree of luminescence efficiency when compared to its predecessors that used 40W units. As most of us with outdoor lights can attest, the unseen UV rays emitted often attract insects by the droves, but these new LED lights does otherwise, ensuring your garden patio doesn't get littered with squashed bugs the morning after. Of course, it would be better if they integrated some form of mosquito repellent inside, but that would be asking for too much. The upcoming LED lights will have a longevity of an amazing 40,000 hours before requiring a replacement.
In
http://www.ubergizmo.com/15/archives/2007/03/outdoor_led_lights_feels_no_insect_love.html
E aqui:
«Do LEDs attract insects?
No they do not. Insects see entirely different spectrum of light and are attracted to ultraviolet light. A side note, flowers create "nectar guides", invisible to the human eye, ultraviolet light attracts insects to flowers for reproductive purposes. This is not to say that all bugs aren't attracted to LED lights but most can't see the light that LEDs produce.»
In
http://www.sailboatstuff.com/co_sailboatstuff_LED_info.html
Aparentemente as LEDS podem atrair insectos mas apenas em condições especiais.
«Light-emitting diode color can range from UV (350 nm) to infrared (700 nm) depending on the chemical composition of the LED...
...Whereas incandescent bulbs produce a broad spectrum of light to attract insects, LEDs can be selected to emit a narrow bandwidth or specific color. Previous studies have found that mosquitoes (Wilton and Fay 1972, Burkett and Butler 2005), phlebotomine sand flies (Mellor and Hamilton 2003), and Culicoide flies (Bishop et al. 2004) are attracted preferentially to specific wavelengths of light. Finally, LED bulbs are advantageous in that they can be changed quickly in the field to configure the trap to the particular needs of a trapping environment.»
In
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2603179
Isto significa que não deverá ser um problema, mas seria algo interessante de monitorizar.