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'Jana' e os seus dois satélites meridionais: um conjunto de sistemas nebulosos deveras complicado.
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'Jana' e os seus dois satélites meridionais: um conjunto de sistemas nebulosos deveras complicado.
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There are two global chemical forecast systems under development and online coupled with the Unified Forecast System (UFS) at NOAA. 1) UFS-Aerosols: the second-generation of a global coupled aerosol system was collaboratively developed by NOAA and NASA since 2021, which is planned to be implemented into Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) v13. UFS-Aerosols embeds NASA’s 2nd-generation GOCART model in a NUOPC infrastructure. 2) UFS-Chem: an innovative community model of chemistry online coupled with UFS, which is a wide collaboration between NOAA Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) laboratories and NCAR. It utilizes the Common Community Physics Package (CCPP) infrastructure to link the gas and aerosol chemistry modules to the rest of the model that enhance the research capabilities to use different gas and aerosol chemical mechanisms to couple different physics options.
“This milestone will transform weather science and predictions,” said Florence Rabier, director-general of ECMWF, an intergovernmental organisation. “Making the AI Forecasting System operational produces the widest range of parameters using machine learning available to date.
”An experimental version tested over the past 18 months showed the system was about 20 per cent more accurate on key predictions than the best conventional methods, which feed millions of worldwide weather observations into supercomputers and crunch them with physics-based equations.
The new European system could predict the track of a tropical cyclone 12 hours further ahead, giving valuable extra warning time for severe events, said Florian Pappenberger, ECMWF director of forecasts.
Other medium-range AI forecasting systems under development include GenCast and GraphCast from Google DeepMind, Pangu-Weather from Huawei, FourCastNet from Nvidia and FuXi from Shanghai Academy of AI for Science and Fudan University.
All were trained on a database of weather observations compiled by the ECMWF over 40 years.Comparing the accuracy of competing AI forecasting systems was hard, Pappenberger said, because their relative performance differed according to the variables and timescales assessed.
Scores published by the ECMWF give some idea of performance but do not identify an overall champion.
The ECMWF plans to improve its system further by increasing its spatial resolution and moving from the present version, which generates one forecast at a time, to “ensemble forecasting” — or creating a collection of 50 forecasts simultaneously with slightly different starting conditions to provide a range of possible outcomes.
In the future, said Kirstine Dale, chief AI officer at the UK Met Office, a mix of physics-based and data-based simulations would be needed for “their combined strengths to provide accurate, fast, reliable and trustworthy forecasts”.
Today the boundaries of reliable day-to-day weather forecasts in Europe are six to seven days ahead for precipitation and wind, and up to 14 or 15 days for temperature, said Pappenberger.
“Machine learning models have a fair chance of extending that because they may be able to extract something out of the data that we may not currently represent well enough in physics-based models.”
Uma oportunidade (poderá ser a última antes do Verão) de poder vir a apanhar a queda de neve nas principais Serras do Norte e Centro do País, nos pontos médios-altos, mas agora com condições mais "estáveis" ao estarmos perante uma circulação de N/NE em vez de uma circulação de NO bastante húmida.
HOUSTON, March 10 (Reuters) - U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright said on Monday that global warming is a side effect of building the modern world, and vowed to end former President Joe Biden's climate policies to promote growth of fossil fuels.
Wright made the comments to kick off CERAWeek, the nation's largest energy conference, in Houston.
"The Trump administration will treat climate change for what it is, a global physical phenomenon that is a side effect of building the modern world," he said. "Everything in life involves trade-offs. Everything."
HOUSTON, March 10 (Reuters) - Policymakers and energy executives need to rethink energy transition plans and stop doubling down on elements of the transition that have failed, the CEO of state oil giant Saudi Aramco <2222.SE> said on Monday, stressing the need for investment in fossil fuels to meet global demand.
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"We can all feel the winds of history in our industry's sails again," Aramco CEO Amin Nasser told executives from the world's biggest energy companies at the CERAWeek conference in Houston.
"It is time to stop reinforcing failure," Nasser said, referring to green hydrogen as an example of a fuel that has been the focus of energy transition policies, but which is still too expensive for widespread commercial use.
"In fact, there is more chance of Elvis speaking next than the current plan working," he said.
New energy sources can complement fossil fuels but not replace them, he said. Investment in all sources of energy was needed to meet global energy demand, he added.
"... the current strategy of prematurely switching to immature alternatives has been so self-destructive. New sources cannot even meet the growth in demand."